1 min read
The Old Man and the Sea
He was an old man who fished alone in a skiff in the Gulf Stream and he had gone eighty-four days now without taking a fish.

他是一个独自在墨西哥暖流中乘着小木船垂钓的老人,他已经有84天没有钓到一条鱼了。

在英语中,who 可以用来合并关于“人”的两个短句,目的是让句子整体更简洁。

  • 常规写法:I have a frend. It likes English.
  • who 写法:I have a frend who likes English.

如果是对象是“物品”,则需要使用 which 或者 that

  • I have a car which is red.(我有一辆红色的车)

在英语中,without 是一个介词,它可以修饰后面跟着的名词或者动名词

  • 通常表示对后面的名词或者动名词“状态”的一种“否定/没有”,和副词 not 有点像
    • without a fish(没有鱼)/ without tasking a fish(没有捕鱼)。
  • 但是 not 通常需要搭配助动词(如 did, does)一起使用
    • He did not take a fish(他没有捕到一条鱼)
In the first forty days a boy had been with him.

在最开始的40天有一个男孩一直陪着他。

had been (过去完成时),它很常见,在英语中,如果我们要讲一件发生在“过去”之前的事,或者强调过去某段时间一直持续的状态,就会用到它。

对比一下:

  • A boy is with him. (现在有一个男孩陪他。)
  • A boy was with him. (过去有一个男孩陪他。)
  • A boy had been with him. (在那时之前的某段日子里,男孩一直陪着他。)